Coffee Bean Science: Explore the Origin, Types and Roasting Process of Coffee

The origin of coffee

Coffee is a beverage made from coffee beans that originated in Ethiopia, Africa. According to legend, in the 9th century AD, a shepherd noticed that his sheep became unusually active after eating the berries of a plant. Curious, he tried the berries and found that they could keep people awake and energetic. The plant is the coffee tree we know today.

Different types of coffee

There are several different types of coffee beans available on the market. The two most common and widely used varieties are Arabica and Robusta. Arabica beans are generally considered to be of higher quality and have a smoother taste, while Robusta beans have a stronger and bitter taste.

There are also some other special varieties such as Blue Mountain, Malaysian White Honey, etc., which grow in specific areas and have unique flavors.

Effect of baking process on taste

The roasting process of coffee beans has an important impact on the final taste. The purpose of roasting is to heat the coffee beans to evaporate the water inside and trigger chemical reactions, thereby changing the flavor and aroma of the coffee beans.

Generally speaking, light roasting retains more of the original flavor with acidity and floral notes. Medium roasting produces a more balanced and soft taste, while adding some chocolate or nutty flavors. Dark roasting makes the coffee beans very black and produces a strong and bitter taste.

Characteristics of different countries and regions

Different countries and regions also produce coffee with special flavors due to factors such as soil and climate.

Brazil is one of the world's largest coffee producers, producing Arabica beans with a rich, sweet, smooth taste. Colombia is known for its high-quality Arabica beans and is praised for its coffees with higher acidity and fruity or chocolate flavors.

Kenyan coffee is loved for its strong acidity and citrus or black currant flavors. Robusta beans are also produced in places such as India and Vietnam, and these beans are often rich in bitter and nutty flavors.

Conclusion

Whether it's Arabica or Robusta, lightly roasted or darkly roasted, every cup of coffee represents the characteristics of different regions and types. By understanding the origins, types and roasting process of coffee, we can better appreciate and taste one of the world's most popular beverages.