Coffee bean farming: the whole process from sowing to harvesting

Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world, and coffee beans are the key ingredient in making coffee. When we enjoy delicious coffee, few people think about how these fragrant beans are planted and harvested. The following will focus on the coffee bean planting process and introduce the whole process from sowing to harvesting.

Phase 1: Sowing and raising seedlings

First, select coffee tree seeds of suitable quality and type for sowing under suitable climatic conditions. Usually, these tree seeds need to be treated to improve the germination rate. Then put these treated tree seeds into seedling trays or small pots, add appropriate amount of water and water them fully. Then place the seedling trays or small pots in a warm, humid and dark place to promote the growth of seedlings.

Phase 2: Transplantation and Management

When the seedlings grow to a certain height (usually 10-12 cm), they are ready for transplanting. Choose a plot of suitable size with good drainage and rich organic matter soil, and carefully transplant the seedlings into these plots. At the same time, make sure there is enough space between each coffee tree so that they can grow and develop fully. In the months after transplanting, regular watering, fertilization and weeding are needed to keep the soil moist, provide nutrients and prevent weeds from competing with the coffee trees.

Phase 3: Harvesting and Processing

After about 3-4 years, the coffee trees begin to bloom and produce ripe coffee berries. When the berries turn red, they are ripe. At this time, they can be picked. Usually, pickers will hand-select the best quality and moderately ripe berries for picking and put them into baskets or containers.

Once the coffee beans are harvested, the next step is to process them. The first is the peeling and pulping process, in which the outer skin and pulp are peeled off by machine or by hand; then the fermentation process, in which the beans are washed or dry fermented for a period of time under specific conditions; and finally the drying and roasting process, in which the fermented beans are dried in the sun or roasted by machine to increase the aroma and taste of the coffee beans.

The above is a brief introduction to the whole process from coffee bean planting to harvesting. Although this process requires patience and expertise, it is these steps that allow us to taste a cup of fragrant and delicious coffee.