The origin and properties of coffee beans: exploring the raw materials of coffee

The origin of coffee beans

Coffee beans are seeds from coffee trees that are picked, processed, and roasted when ripe to be used to make coffee. The trees are native to the Ethiopian highlands of Africa and are said to have been discovered and utilized by local herders. Legend has it that a shepherd noticed that his sheep became unusually active after eating the berries of a certain plant. Curiosity drove him to taste the berries and discovered that they had a refreshing effect.

Over time, people began to cultivate these plants and called it "coffee." After it was introduced from Ethiopia to the Arabian Peninsula, coffee gradually became a popular beverage and spread around the world.

Different types of coffee beans

There are two common types of coffee beans on the market: Arabica and Robusta. Arabica beans are generally considered to be high-quality beans with a more delicate taste, while Robusta beans are stronger and more bitter.

Arabica beans grow at high altitudes and usually require warmer climates and lots of rainfall. This type of coffee has a lower yield, so it's more expensive. Robusta beans are more adaptable, can grow at lower altitudes, and are less demanding in terms of climate.

Characteristics of coffee trees

Coffee trees are evergreen plants that usually grow in subtropical and tropical regions. They can reach a height of 10 to 15 meters and have dense leaves and white flowers. These flowers are pollinated and then form fruits.

Coffee trees need plenty of sunlight, moderately moist soil, and stable temperatures to maintain healthy growth. Sunlight is one of the factors necessary to promote the ripening of the fruit, while water is one of the elements necessary to ensure the normal functioning of the plant.

From coffee cherry to coffee bean

The coffee bean production process begins with the fruit of the coffee tree, commonly known as "coffee cherries." These cherries turn red or yellow when ripe and contain two seeds inside, which we know as coffee beans.

Picking is the first step in collecting coffee beans from the tree. This is usually done by hand, as it is difficult for machines to distinguish between ripe and unripe berries. After picking, the beans are washed and peeled, and the pulp is removed through a fermentation process.

Next comes the drying phase, during which the beans are left out in the sun to dry. This helps reduce the moisture content and enhances the taste.

From green beans to roasted beans

After drying, coffee beans become so-called "green beans", which can be stored for quite a long time without losing quality. However, before making delicious coffee, one final step is required - roasting.

By controlling the temperature and time, the raw beans are processed into an edible state at high temperature. During the roasting process, the beans undergo chemical changes, producing different flavors and aromas.

Coffee beans can be divided into light roasted, medium roasted and dark roasted according to the degree of roasting. Light roasting usually retains the acidity and floral flavor of the original coffee beans, while dark roasting is more bitter and has a strong chocolate or roasted nut flavor.

Conclusion

Coffee beans are the key ingredient in making coffee drinks, and are loved around the world. Understanding their origins and characteristics is important to understanding this intoxicating drink. Whether it is Arabica or Robusta, each coffee bean goes through a complex and delicate process to become our favorite delicacy.